OFFICE DESIGN

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COLOUR PERCEPTION

The phenomena that have an impact on how our brains perceive colours are:

• Colour constancy
• Simultaneous contrast
• Optical mixture
• Spatial dimension

Colour constancy

Colour constancy involves our tendency to compensate for the effect of various light sources on the colour of the objects we see. For example, a company's logo is illuminated by different light sources in different locations. For each viewing situation, a camera would register dramatic shifts in the logo's colour because of the various light sources. However, our brains rapidly compensate for each situation, and we perceive the colour of the logo as the same in all the cases.

Simultaneous contrast

When two complementary colours are placed side, it tends to heighten each others saturation and brilliance without an apparent change in hue. Simultaneous contrast in hue is most easily perceived when two colours are fairly uniform in value. If one colour is much lighter or darker than the other, the effects of contrasting values become more noticeable. Simultaneous contrast also affects the apparent value of a colour, which can be made to appear  lighter or darker according to the value of its background colour. Surrounding colours with black tends to make them richer and more vibrant, while outlining with white often has the opposite effect.

Optical mixture

Optical mixture is the opposite of simultaneous contrast. When an object's patches of colour are so small that they pass below the threshold of conscious perception, we see the colours as optically mixed.

Spatial dimension

Spatial dimension, the fourth of these internal phenomena, occurs when our brain add or subtract distance, depending upon the colours perceived. We tend to perceive warmcoloured objects, for example red, orange, and yellow, closer than cool-coloured ones, such as green, blue and purple.

The simplest type, such as the Brewster or prang colour wheel, organizes colour pigments into primary, secondary, and tertiary hues.

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TERMINOLOGY

Harmonious colour: Colours adjacent to each other on the colour wheel e.g. Green yellow.

Contrast or Complementary Colours: Colours which are directly opposite to each other on the colour wheel for e.g. red and green, blue and orange.

Achromatic: Have no discernible hue or colour (Black or White) 

Afterimage: A "ghost" image generated by the eye in response to stimulation by a single colour in the absence of its complement.  
Primary colours: The simplest colours of the artist's spectrum red, yellow, and blue; those that cannot be reduced or broken down into component colours.
Shade: A pure colour made darker, or with black added.
Tone or Tint: A pure colour made lighter, or with white added.    

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Exterior Duplex Design..................

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COLOUR

The three universal, measurable characteristics of colour are as follows:

• Hue: the attribute by which we recognize and describe a colour, such as red or yellow.
• Value: The amount of lightness or darkness in colours by mixing white or black colour.

• Intensity Or saturation: It is the brightness or dullness of a colour. To reduce the intensity of a colour, add its complementary colour to make it soft.

 

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BASIC DESIGN.......PART_02

LINE:

A point when extended becomes a line. Conceptually, it has only one dimension, i.e., length. Line is capable of expressing movement, direction or growth. Lines may vary in weight, and character. Horizontal lines represent stability and repose. Vertical lines express a state of equilibrium with the force of gravity. Diagonal lines imply movement and are visually active and dynamic. Curved lines tend to express gentle movement. Lines describe the edges of shape and separate it from the space around it. Lines can articulate the edges of planes and the corners
of volumes. Line can also be used to create texture and patterns on the surface of forms.

PLANE:

A line shifted in a direction other than its intrinsic direction defines a plane. Conceptually, a plane has two dimensions, width and length, but no depth. Shape is the primary characteristic of a plane. planar forms have significant surface qualities of material, colour, texture and pattern.

VOLUME:

A plane extended in a direction other than along its surface forms a volume. conceptually, and in reality, a volume exists in three dimensions. Volume can either be a solid or a void.

 SHAPE:

Shape is the primary means by which we distinguish one form another. The following are several categories of shape:

• Natural shapes represent the images and forms of the natural world. These shapes may be abstracted.
• Non-objective shapes make no obvious reference to a specific object or a particular matter. Some non-objective shapes may result from a process such as a calligraphy and carry meaning as symbols.
• Geometric shapes are of two types- rectilinear and curvilinear. Curvilinear shapes are circular while rectilinear shapes include series of polygons, which can be inscribed within a circle. Extended into the third dimension, these primary shapes generate the sphere, cylinder, cone, pyramid and the cube.

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INTERIOR DESIGN "LIVING ROOM"

Living Room Design...................................

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Office Design

conference room....................................

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BASIC DESIGN..............01

FORM

  

Point, line, plane and volume are the primary elements of form.

POINT                                                                                                         

Dining Room Design

A point marks a location in the space. Conceptually, it has no length, width or depth. It is static and directionless. A point can mark the ends of a line, the intersection of two lines, or the corner, the lines of a plane or volume meet.

When at the center of a field or space, a point is stable and at rest. When it is off_center, it becomes more dynamic. Point - generated forms, such as the circle and the sphere, share this self-centering quality of the point.

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NEED FOR INTERIOR DESIGNERS

Before the twentieth century, the interiors had made considerably simpler demands on designers in terms of functionality. The technologies and processes of each activity and profession were less categorized and specialized. 

Around the turn of the century, countless elaborations of procedure - in hospital and laboratory spaces for the practice of medicine, in courts and prisons for the practice of law, in department stores for retail trade, and in offices for corporate administration - brought greater and greater needs for more specific and knowledgeable planning and provision of interior equipment. Throughout the twentieth century the practice of interior design has itself witnessed a steady development of specialization.

 

It is important to emphasize that interior design is a specialized branch of architecture. The best buildings and the best interiors are those in which there is no obvious disparity between the many elements that make up the totality. Indeed, there are many examples of distinguished buildings and interiors that were created and coordinated one guided hand.

A strong and unusual piece of architecture such as New York City's Trans World Airlines terminal (at John F. Kennedy International Airport) could not be properly furnished with standard commercial furniture and products. The buildings, as well as the interiors, was conceived as a total design by architect Eero Saarinen.

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Bed Room Design................

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The Professional Interior Designer is a person qualified by education, experience, and examination who:

• Analyzes the client's needs, goals, and safety requirements
• Integrates findings with knowledge of interior design 
• Formulates preliminary design concepts that are appropriate, functional, and aesthetic
• Develops and presents final design recommendations through appropriate presentation media
• Prepares working drawings and specification for non-load bearing interior construction, materials, finishes, space planning, furnishing, fixture and equipment
• Collaborates with licensed practitioners who offer professional services in the technical areas of mechanical, electrical, and load-bearing design as required for regulatory approval
• Prepares and administers bids and contract documents as the client's agent
• Reviews and evaluates design solutions during implementation and upon completion

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Introduction to Interior Design

Interior Design has been defined as the creation and organization of interior spaces to perform specific function within an architectural environment. Such interior space must combine the functional, technical, and economic aspects of design with the human. and psychological consideration by the intended users.

An interior is a space that is enclosed by walls, floors, and ceilings it has one or more entries / exist, and usually one or more openings. Such as windows, for light and ventilation. Those enclosing elements may be composed of any number of materials and formed of countless shapes.

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